各国学前教育模式一览

Asian Countries

亚洲国家

Some of the top performing kids on the reading, math, and science Program for International Student Assessments, or PISA, come from Asian countries. Asian countries believe that starting off1 start off使开始。 children with a strong education will lead to better outcomes when they grow older.

在测试阅读、数学和科学素养的国际学生评估项目（PISA）中，部分表现最优秀的孩子来自亚洲国家。亚洲人认为，让儿童从早期开始就接受优质教育会令其长大后有更出色的表现。

[2] China, Japan, and Korea implemented a common framework for early childhood education that equips children with2 equip with（尤指通过教育）使有能力，使有资格。 the skills and knowledge they need for further learning. In these countries, early childhood education is for kids ages zero to six, and then kids continue in formal education. Early childhood education is generally split up3 be split up被分为。 in two different stages, nursery and then kindergarten. A nursery is for children under the age of three and is comprised of4 be comprised of由……组成。 small groups with many caregivers. The primary goals of a nursery are physical care and nurturing, so the caregivers are trained as nurses rather than teachers. Kindergarten is a full day program with bigger classes for kids aged three to six that acts as childcare as well as educational preparation.

[2]中国、日本和韩国采用了相同的学前教育体系，为儿童提供进一步学习所需的技能和知识。在这些国家，学前教育的对象是0至6岁的孩子，之后这些孩子则进入正规教育体系继续学习。学前教育通常分为两个不同的阶段：托儿所和幼儿园。前者主要接收3岁以下的儿童，以小组为单位，并配有多名看护人员。托儿所的主要目标是照护和培养儿童，因此这些地方的看护人员是作为护士而非教师来培训的。幼儿园则是一种全日制机构，儿童年龄在3到6岁之间，班级规模更大，主要提供儿童照管服务和学前教育。

[3] Teaching methods typically involve a lot of repetition and total group instruction, so that all children ideally do the same thing at the same time. The methods used in Asian countries are similar to instrumental or operant conditioning in the sense that kids do acts repetitively and are positively reinforced when they do them correctly. They are discouraged from5 be discouraged from打消……念头，被阻止。 falling behind6 fall behind落后于。 with the threat of being embarrassed by the teacher in front of their classmates.

[3]在幼儿园，教学方法通常是大量重复以及整组教学，以便所有孩子能在同一时间做同样的事情——这是在理想的情况下。孩子们重复某一行为，并在做得正确的时候得到正面鼓励——亚洲国家的这种教学方法类似于工具性或操作性条件反射。如果孩子落后于其他学生，就可能在同学面前被老师批评，这会使他们感到窘迫难堪，因此他们就会不愿意落后于人。

[4] Since teaching is such a large focus, these Asian countries tend to have favorable teacher to child main criticism of this style of early childhood education is the lack of alignment7 alignment调准，校正。 between initial education and primary education. However, their uniform early childhood education curriculum is very respectable because it combines academic subjects with the development of soft skills. As the government is realizing its importance, early childhood education is becoming a greater focus in Asia.

[4]由于教学在亚洲国家深受重视，这些国家的学前教育机构通常具有合理的师生比例。对于这种学前教育模式，批评者认为其问题主要在于启蒙教育与初等教育之间缺乏衔接。但是，这些国家统一的学前教育课程设置非常合理，因为它将各学术科目与软技能的发展结合到了一起。由于政府逐渐意识到了学前教育的重要性，它正日益成为亚洲各国关注的焦点。

Scandinavian Countries

[5] Scandinavian countries also test in the top overall amongst other countries on the PISA. They expand upon8 expand upon/on详述，充分叙述，详细阐明。 Asian beliefs relating to early childhood education. Finland, Sweden, and Denmark all emphasize learning outside of the classroom and involving parents in the curriculum. The partnership between parents and educators is highly valued since the child-parent social interaction is so vital. Scandinavian countries base their curriculum off the idea that children are naturally curious and want to learn new things. This is directly related to Piaget’s9 Jean Piaget让·皮亚杰（1896—1980）瑞士著名儿童心理学家，发生认识论和皮亚杰学派的创始人。 theory of development that looks at children as little scientists, who desire to seek and share countries also use Vygotsky’s belief that social interaction fosters cognitive functions. Scandinavian schools allow young children to learn through interaction and experience.

文章来源：《数学教育学报》 网址: http://www.sxjyxbzz.cn/qikandaodu/2021/0321/709.html